{
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "language": "zh-Hant",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "rightsNote": "License covers original project text only; third-party documents retain their own rights.",
  "entries": [
    {
      "id": "zh-hant/surrender-announcement-and-signing",
      "collection": "claims",
      "title": "日本在1945年8月15日簽署了正式降書嗎？",
      "path": "/zh-hant/claims/surrender-announcement-and-signing/",
      "translationKey": "claims/surrender-announcement-and-signing",
      "summary": "不是。8月15日對應投降消息的公布與傳播；日本代表正式簽署降書的日期是1945年9月2日。兩個日期記錄不同環節。",
      "published": "2026-09-06",
      "updated": "2026-09-06",
      "status": "published",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "關島日軍戰俘聽到裕仁投降廣播後的照片",
          "url": "https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C42914",
          "publisher": "Australian War Memorial",
          "independenceKey": "naval-historical-collection-guam-pow-photo-P00444.098",
          "locator": "Accession P00444.098; web record C42914; Description: GUAM 1945-08-15; Naval Historical Collection",
          "accessed": "2026-09-06"
        },
        {
          "title": "萊城澳軍人員閱讀日本投降消息特刊的照片",
          "url": "https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C71477",
          "publisher": "Australian War Memorial",
          "independenceKey": "dh-wilson-lae-victory-newspaper-photo-094950",
          "locator": "Accession 094950; web record C71477; Maker Wilson, D H; Date made 15 August 1945; Description",
          "accessed": "2026-09-06"
        },
        {
          "title": "Surrender of Japan (1945) — Instrument of Surrender",
          "url": "https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/surrender-of-japan",
          "publisher": "U.S. National Archives and Records Administration",
          "independenceKey": "japanese-instrument-of-surrender-1945-09-02",
          "locator": "NAID 1752336; Record Group 218, Records of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff; instrument pp. 1–2; web Transcript paragraphs 1–3 and signature blocks",
          "accessed": "2026-09-06"
        },
        {
          "title": "Tokyo surrender",
          "url": "https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/F01272",
          "publisher": "Australian War Memorial",
          "independenceKey": "roy-driver-tokyo-surrender-actuality-film-F01272",
          "locator": "Accession F01272; Maker Driver, Roy; Date made 2 September 1945; Description opening sentence; film duration 7 min 46 sec (catalogue only, no verified timecode)",
          "accessed": "2026-09-06"
        }
      ],
      "languages": [
        "zh-Hant"
      ],
      "translationOf": "surrender-announcement-and-signing",
      "sourceUpdated": "2026-09-06",
      "claim": "日本在1945年8月15日簽署了正式降書嗎？",
      "claimContext": "本專案編輯擬定的日期辨析題，不歸屬於特定人物或媒體，也不據此判斷該說法的流傳程度。",
      "verdict": "false",
      "body": "## 判定依據\n\n關島戰俘照片的館藏說明將場景記為1945年8月15日聽到裕仁投降廣播之後；同日萊城的另一幅照片記錄澳軍人員閱讀投降消息特刊。兩件紀錄支持消息在當天傳播，不是正式降書簽署的證據。[出處1](#source-1)、[出處2](#source-2)\n\n美國國家檔案館公開降書的簽署欄註明9月2日；獨立現場影片的館藏說明也將簽署記為這一天。[出處3](#source-3)、[出處4](#source-4)\n\n## 核查邊界\n\n本題只核對「正式降書簽署日期」。本文未聽辨8月廣播原音，不引用廣播原句或精確播出時刻；兩地照片的含義依據館方說明。不同戰區的具體受降與停止作戰進程不在本題範圍內。",
      "url": "https://settledrecord.com/zh-hant/claims/surrender-announcement-and-signing/"
    },
    {
      "id": "zh-hant/japan-surrender-1945",
      "collection": "facts",
      "title": "1945年9月2日：日本正式簽署降書",
      "path": "/zh-hant/facts/japan-surrender-1945/",
      "translationKey": "facts/japan-surrender-1945",
      "summary": "1945年9月2日，日本代表在東京灣的密蘇里號上簽署降書；這一正式簽署事件與8月15日的投降消息公布應分別標註。",
      "published": "2026-09-06",
      "updated": "2026-09-06",
      "status": "published",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Surrender of Japan (1945) — Instrument of Surrender",
          "url": "https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/surrender-of-japan",
          "publisher": "U.S. National Archives and Records Administration",
          "independenceKey": "japanese-instrument-of-surrender-1945-09-02",
          "locator": "NAID 1752336; Record Group 218, Records of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff; instrument pp. 1–2; web Transcript paragraphs 1–3 and signature blocks",
          "accessed": "2026-09-06"
        },
        {
          "title": "Tokyo surrender",
          "url": "https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/F01272",
          "publisher": "Australian War Memorial",
          "independenceKey": "roy-driver-tokyo-surrender-actuality-film-F01272",
          "locator": "Accession F01272; Maker Driver, Roy; Date made 2 September 1945; Description opening sentence; film duration 7 min 46 sec (catalogue only, no verified timecode)",
          "accessed": "2026-09-06"
        }
      ],
      "languages": [
        "zh-Hant"
      ],
      "translationOf": "japan-surrender-1945",
      "sourceUpdated": "2026-09-06",
      "category": "event",
      "regions": [
        "日本 · 東京灣"
      ],
      "dateStart": "1945-09-02",
      "body": "## 事實與證據\n\n美國國家檔案館公開的降書轉錄記載，重光葵代表天皇及日本政府、梅津美治郎代表日本大本營簽字。文書接受《波茨坦公告》條款，宣布日本大本營及日本武裝力量、受日本控制的武裝力量無條件投降，並命令停止敵對行動。[出處1](#source-1)\n\n澳大利亞戰爭紀念館收藏的 Roy Driver 現場影片，其館藏說明將簽署日期記為1945年9月2日，地點為密蘇里號。這是獨立於降書文書的現場紀錄，本條核對的是影片館藏著錄。[出處2](#source-2)\n\n## 範圍與限制\n\n正式簽署不能與消息公布混寫為同一天，參見[8月15日與9月2日辨析](/zh-hant/claims/surrender-announcement-and-signing/)。\n本文不據文書命令推定所有戰區已同時停止行動，也不把簽署降書等同於後來和平條約生效。未逐格核驗影片，不提供儀式時間碼或精確簽署分鐘。",
      "url": "https://settledrecord.com/zh-hant/facts/japan-surrender-1945/"
    },
    {
      "id": "zh-hant/nanjing-civilian-atrocities",
      "collection": "facts",
      "title": "南京大屠殺：平民遇害與劫掠的文獻紀錄",
      "path": "/zh-hant/facts/nanjing-civilian-atrocities/",
      "translationKey": "facts/nanjing-civilian-atrocities",
      "summary": "日軍於1937年12月占領南京後發生了針對平民的殺害與劫掠；同時代文書與遠東國際軍事法庭判決均有相關記載。本條核對事件紀錄，不估算遇難總人數。",
      "published": "2026-09-06",
      "updated": "2026-09-06",
      "status": "published",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Nanking Outrages, 10 January 1938",
          "url": "https://adhoc.yalepages.org/Media/PDFs/Nanking/NMP0113.pdf#page=1",
          "publisher": "Yale Divinity Library",
          "independenceKey": "nanking-outrages-1938-01-10-NMP0113",
          "locator": "NMP0113，PDF第1頁關於平民遇害和劫掠的段落；目錄定位 RG 10、Box 102、Folder 865；作者歸屬有目錄與手寫批註差異。",
          "accessed": "2026-09-06"
        },
        {
          "title": "Judgment, International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Part B, Chapter VIII",
          "url": "https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/llmlp/Judgment-IMTFE-Vol-II-PartB-cont/Judgment-IMTFE-Vol-II-PartB-cont.pdf#page=171",
          "publisher": "美國國會圖書館（文書形成機構：遠東國際軍事法庭）",
          "independenceKey": "imtfe-judgment-1948-nanking",
          "locator": "1948年11月判決，The Rape of Nanking 小節，紙面第1011—1012頁；PDF第170—171頁，重點為1012頁首段及末段。",
          "accessed": "2026-09-06"
        }
      ],
      "languages": [
        "zh-Hant"
      ],
      "translationOf": "nanjing-civilian-atrocities",
      "sourceUpdated": "2026-09-06",
      "category": "dossier",
      "regions": [
        "中國 · 南京"
      ],
      "dateStart": "1937-12-13",
      "body": "## 事實與證據\n\n耶魯神學院圖書館保存的1938年1月10日文書《Nanking Outrages》，記載平民遭殺害及城內房屋、商店遭劫掠。該材料形成於事件發生期間；文中同時包含觀察、他人報告和估計，不能把全部個案都歸為作者親眼所見。[出處1](#source-1)\n\n遠東國際軍事法庭判決的南京暴行小節記載，日軍於1937年12月13日進入南京；第1012頁記述對男女和兒童的殺害，以及對住宅和商業場所的劫掠。這是戰後法庭形成的判斷，應與同時代文書分別標註。[出處2](#source-2)\n\n## 範圍與限制\n\n本文只確認平民遇害與劫掠的文獻紀錄，不採用上述材料中的人數估計。兩份文書形成時間與用途不同，但判決可能採納在寧外國人士的證言，不能據此斷言其底層證據完全互不重合。\n\n耶魯目錄將 NMP0113 列在 Bates 項下，而掃描件第1頁的手寫歸屬提示為 Lewis C. Smythe。作者歸屬尚未釐清，因此本文以文獻題名、日期和館藏編號定位，不確定署名。目錄定位和掃描件均可繼續獨立複核。",
      "url": "https://settledrecord.com/zh-hant/facts/nanjing-civilian-atrocities/"
    },
    {
      "id": "zh-hant/singapore-surrender-1942",
      "collection": "facts",
      "title": "1942年2月15日：新加坡守軍投降",
      "path": "/zh-hant/facts/singapore-surrender-1942/",
      "translationKey": "facts/singapore-surrender-1942",
      "summary": "1942年2月15日，白思華與山下奉文在新加坡福特工廠進行投降交涉；現場照片與館藏投降桌的來源紀錄共同支持這一事件的地點與日期。",
      "published": "2026-09-06",
      "updated": "2026-09-06",
      "status": "published",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "新加坡福特工廠白思華與山下奉文投降交涉現場照片",
          "url": "https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C218441",
          "publisher": "Australian War Memorial",
          "independenceKey": "singapore-ford-surrender-negotiation-photo-127903",
          "locator": "Accession 127903; web record C218441; Date made 15 February 1942; Description",
          "accessed": "2026-09-06"
        },
        {
          "title": "Surrender table : Ford Company of Malaya Ltd, Singapore",
          "url": "https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RELAWM32783",
          "publisher": "Australian War Memorial",
          "independenceKey": "ford-company-singapore-surrender-table-RELAWM32783",
          "locator": "Accession RELAWM32783; alias web record C149232; Description donation plaque; History / Summary final paragraphs; Ford donation November 1964",
          "accessed": "2026-09-06"
        }
      ],
      "languages": [
        "zh-Hant"
      ],
      "translationOf": "singapore-surrender-1942",
      "sourceUpdated": "2026-09-06",
      "category": "event",
      "regions": [
        "新加坡"
      ],
      "dateStart": "1942-02-15",
      "body": "## 事實與證據\n\n澳大利亞戰爭紀念館的照片127903，將場景著錄為白思華在福特工廠向山下奉文無條件交出新加坡島上英軍；照片日期標為1942年2月15日。[出處1](#source-1)\n\n該館另藏投降桌 RELAWM32783，說明記載該桌用於交涉及降書簽署，並記有福特公司於1964年捐贈的來源資訊。[出處2](#source-2)\n\n## 範圍與限制\n\n影像與家具是兩類見證材料，但日期、人物與物品用途均依賴館方著錄；桌子本身不能獨立讀出事件日期，同館說明的編寫也可能互相參考。本條核對到館藏紀錄層級，未進行實物鑑定或核驗降書全文。\n\n本事件為1942年新加坡守軍向日軍投降，不是[1945年日本向盟軍正式投降](/zh-hant/facts/japan-surrender-1945/)。本文不列兵力、傷亡或戰俘人數，也不推定精確停火時刻。",
      "url": "https://settledrecord.com/zh-hant/facts/singapore-surrender-1942/"
    },
    {
      "id": "zh-hant/murayama-statement-1995",
      "collection": "ledger",
      "title": "1995年8月15日：村山富市發表戰後50週年談話",
      "path": "/zh-hant/ledger/murayama-statement-1995/",
      "translationKey": "ledger/murayama-statement-1995",
      "summary": "1995年8月15日，日本首相村山富市在戰後50週年談話中，就日本的殖民統治與侵略造成的損害表達反省和歉意；本條記錄談話文本及後來的官方記載。",
      "published": "2026-09-06",
      "updated": "2026-09-06",
      "status": "published",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "村山内閣総理大臣談話「戦後50周年の終戦記念日にあたって」",
          "url": "https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/press/danwa/07/dmu_0815.html",
          "publisher": "日本國外務省",
          "independenceKey": "murayama-official-statement-1995",
          "locator": "頁首日期平成7年8月15日；正文第5段（自「わが国は、遠くない過去の一時期」起）。",
          "accessed": "2026-09-06"
        },
        {
          "title": "外交部副部长张志军就钓鱼岛问题举行中外媒体吹风会答问实录［題名原文保留］",
          "url": "https://www.mfa.gov.cn/wjdt_674879/cfhsl_674891/201210/t20121027_7818140.shtml",
          "publisher": "中華人民共和國外交部",
          "independenceKey": "prc-mfa-briefing-note-2012-10-27",
          "locator": "頁面日期2012-10-27；正文末尾註[1]「村山談話」，為後續官方說明而非1995年同期回應。",
          "accessed": "2026-09-06"
        }
      ],
      "languages": [
        "zh-Hant"
      ],
      "translationOf": "murayama-statement-1995",
      "sourceUpdated": "2026-09-06",
      "date": "1995-08-15",
      "actor": "村山富市（時任日本內閣總理大臣）",
      "kind": "apology",
      "body": "## 談話內容\n\n日本外務省保存的日文原文署日期1995年8月15日。正文第5段承認殖民統治和侵略給許多國家、尤其亞洲各國人民帶來重大損害與痛苦，並表達反省與歉意。本文為中文轉述，並非官方中文譯本。[出處1](#source-1)\n\n## 後續官方記載\n\n中國外交部於2012年發布的記者說明會實錄，其末尾註[1]獨立介紹了該談話的日期、發言者及反省道歉內容。它可與日方原文交叉核對談話的存在和核心內容，但不屬於1995年的同期回應。[出處2](#source-2)\n\n## 範圍與限制\n\n本條僅記錄這份官方文本及後續記載，未核驗1995年中韓政府同期答問原件。日方談話的不同語言版本合併為一個來源鏈；中方2012年說明是另一個政府形成的紀錄，但不是第二份1995年目擊紀錄。\n\n談話存在並不能單獨證明受害者是否接受、賠償是否完成或後來政策是否持續遵循。本文不對這些問題作推斷，也不把此談話概括為所有歷史問題已經解決。",
      "url": "https://settledrecord.com/zh-hant/ledger/murayama-statement-1995/"
    }
  ]
}